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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
x    
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2018
OR
¨    
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from          to    
Commission File Number 0-27266
 
Westell Technologies, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
DELAWARE
 
36-3154957
(State or other jurisdiction of
 
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)
 
Identification Number)
 
 
750 North Commons Drive, Aurora, IL
 
60504
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (630) 898-2500
Not applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
 
Indicate by check or mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer
 
¨
  
Accelerated Filer
 
¨
 
 
 
 
Non-Accelerated Filer
 
x
  
Smaller Reporting Company
 
x
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging Growth Company
 
¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of January 25, 2019:
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value – 11,902,811 shares Class B Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value – 3,484,287 shares

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WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q INDEX
 
Page No.
 
Item 1.
Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 6.
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information
Certain statements contained herein that are not historical facts or that contain the words “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “plan,” “should,” or derivatives thereof and other words of similar meaning are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, product demand and market acceptance risks, customer spending patterns, need for financing and capital, economic weakness in the United States (“U.S.”) economy and telecommunications market, the effect of international economic conditions and trade, legal, social and economic risks (such as import, licensing and trade restrictions), the impact of competitive products or technologies, competitive pricing pressures, customer product selection decisions, product cost increases, component supply shortages, new product development, excess and obsolete inventory, commercialization and technological delays or difficulties (including delays or difficulties in developing, producing, testing and selling new products and technologies), the ability to successfully consolidate and rationalize operations, the ability to successfully identify, acquire and integrate acquisitions, effects of the Company’s accounting policies, retention of key personnel and other risks more fully described in the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, under Item 1A - Risk Factors. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update these forward-looking statements to reflect current events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or otherwise.
Trademarks
The following terms used in this filing are the Company's trademarks: ClearLink®, Kentrox®, Optima Management System®, UDIT®, WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES®, and Westell®. All other trademarks appearing in this filing are the property of their holders.

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WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
December 31,
2018
 
March 31,
2018
Assets
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
27,065

 
$
24,963

Short-term investments
—

 
2,779

Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $70 and $95 at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively)
6,980

 
8,872

Inventories
10,163

 
9,222

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
1,169

 
816

Total current assets
45,377

 
46,652

Land, property and equipment, gross
8,183

 
8,381

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
(6,749
)
 
(6,780
)
Land, property and equipment, net
1,434

 
1,601

Intangible assets, net
8,783

 
11,435

Tax receivable, non-current
697

 
697

Other non-current assets
63

 
74

Total assets
$
56,354

 
$
60,459

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
2,936

 
$
1,903

Accrued expenses
2,854

 
3,328

Accrued restructuring
—

 
63

Deferred revenue
679

 
1,790

Total current liabilities
6,469

 
7,084

Deferred revenue non-current
514

 
846

Other non-current liabilities
232

 
234

Total liabilities
7,215

 
8,164

Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)


 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Class A common stock, par $0.01, Authorized – 109,000,000 shares
Outstanding – 11,991,441 and 12,145,743
shares at December 31, 2018, and March 31, 2018, respectively
120

 
121

Class B common stock, par $0.01, Authorized – 25,000,000 shares
Issued and outstanding – 3,484,287 shares at December 31, 2018, and March 31, 2018
35

 
35

Preferred stock, par $0.01, Authorized – 1,000,000 shares
Issued and outstanding – none
—

 
—

Additional paid-in capital
418,577

 
417,691

Treasury stock at cost – 5,030,577 and 4,633,871 shares at December 31, 2018, and March 31, 2018, respectively
(36,941
)
 
(35,907
)
Accumulated deficit
(332,652
)
 
(329,645
)
Total stockholders’ equity
49,139

 
52,295

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
56,354

 
$
60,459




The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
Three months ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended
 December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
Revenue
$
10,722

 
$
13,675

 
$
33,865

 
$
47,481

 
Cost of revenue
6,132

 
7,599

 
19,147

 
27,363

 
Gross profit
4,590

 
6,076

 
14,718

 
20,118

 
Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
1,736

 
1,542

 
5,011

 
6,023

 
Sales and marketing
1,999

 
1,950

 
6,012

 
6,278

 
General and administrative
1,738

 
1,502

 
4,672

 
5,022

 
Intangible amortization
830

 
1,047

 
2,652

 
3,142

 
Restructuring
—

 
—

 
—

 
165

 
          Total operating expenses
6,303

 
6,041

 
18,347

 
20,630

 
Operating profit (loss)
(1,713
)
 
35

 
(3,629
)
 
(512
)
 
Other income, net
158

 
79

 
442

 
799

(1) 
Income (loss) before income taxes
(1,555
)
 
114

 
(3,187
)
 
287

 
Income tax benefit (expense)
(1
)
 
685

(2) 
(11
)
 
660

(2) 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
(1,556
)
 
799

 
(3,198
)
 
947

 
Discontinued Operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
—

 
(138
)
 
—

 
Net income (loss)
$
(1,556
)
 
$
799

 
$
(3,336
)
 
$
947

 
Basic net income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic net income (loss) from continuing operations
$
(0.10
)
 
$
0.05

 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
0.06

 
Basic net income (loss) from discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
(0.01
)
 
—

 
Basic
$
(0.10
)
 
$
0.05

 
$
(0.21
)
(3 
) 
$
0.06

 
Diluted net income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted net income (loss) from continuing operations
$
(0.10
)
 
$
0.05

 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
0.06

 
Diluted net income (loss) from discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
(0.01
)
 
—

 
Diluted
$
(0.10
)
 
$
0.05

 
$
(0.21
)
(3 
) 
$
0.06

 
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
15,524

 
15,504

 
15,576

 
15,482

 
Effect of dilutive securities: restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stock units and stock options (4)
—

 
251

 
—

 
197

 
Diluted
15,524

 
15,755

 
15,576

 
15,679

 
 
(1) During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company dissolved the NoranTel legal entity, which triggered a one-time foreign currency gain with the reversal of a cumulative translation adjustment. See Note 1.

(2 During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company had income tax benefit from the release of the tax valuation allowance associated with previously generated alternative minimum tax (AMT) credits due to the enacted Tax Reform. See Note 9.

(3) Per share amounts may not sum to totals due to rounding.

(4) The Company had 1.1 million shares and 1.0 million shares represented by common stock equivalents for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, and 0.2 million and 0.4 million shares represented by common stock equivalents for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, respectively. In periods with a net loss from continuing operations, the basic loss per share equals the diluted loss per share as all common stock equivalents are excluded from the per share calculation.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)


 
Three months ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net income (loss)
$
(1,556
)
 
$
799

 
$
(3,336
)
 
$
947

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment (1)
—

 
—

 
—

 
(608
)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
$
(1,556
)
 
$
799

 
$
(3,336
)
 
$
339


(1) During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company dissolved the NoranTel legal entity, which triggered a one-time foreign currency gain with the reversal of a cumulative translation adjustment. See Note 1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.



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WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)
 (Unaudited)
 
Common
Stock
Class A
 
Common
Stock
Class B
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Accumulated
Deficit
 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Balance, March 31, 2018
$
121

 
$
35

 
$
417,691

 
$
(35,907
)
 
$
(329,645
)
 
$
52,295

Cumulative effect adjustment
ASC 606 adoption
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
329

 
329

Net income (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,336
)
 
(3,336
)
Common stock issued
3

 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Purchase of treasury stock
(4
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,034
)
 
—

 
(1,038
)
Stock-based compensation
—

 
—

 
889

 
—

 
—

 
889

Balance, December 31, 2018
$
120

 
$
35

 
$
418,577

 
$
(36,941
)
 
$
(332,652
)
 
$
49,139



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


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WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited) 
 
Nine months ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
(3,336
)
 
$
947

 
Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
3,092

 
3,747

 
Stock-based compensation
889

 
988

 
Loss on sale of fixed assets
1

 
10

 
Restructuring
—

 
165

 
Deferred taxes
—

 
(697
)
(1) 
Gain on disposal of foreign operations
—

 
(608
)
(2) 
Exchange rate loss (gain)
3

 
(20
)
 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
1,892

 
1,025

 
Inventories
(941
)
 
3,047

 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
(353
)
 
545

 
Other assets
11

 
80

 
Deferred revenue
(1,114
)
(3) 
(618
)
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
494

 
(3,542
)
 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
638

 
5,069

 
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
Maturities of other short-term investments
2,779

 
474

 
Purchases of other short-term investments
—

 
(5,011
)
 
Purchases of property and equipment
(273
)
 
(261
)
 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
2,506

 
(4,798
)
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
Purchases of treasury stock
(1,038
)
 
(558
)
 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
(1,038
)
 
(558
)
 
Gain (loss) of exchange rate changes on cash
(4
)
 
1

 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
2,102

 
(286
)
 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
24,963

 
21,778

 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$
27,065

 
$
21,492

 
(1) During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company had income tax benefit from the release of the tax valuation allowance associated with previously generated alternative minimum tax (AMT) credits due to the enacted Tax Reform. See Note 9.
(2)During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company dissolved the NoranTel legal entity, which triggered a one-time foreign currency gain with the reversal of a cumulative translation adjustment. See Note 1.
(3) Includes the cumulative effect adjustment of the ASC 606 adoption. See Note 2.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Note 1. Basis of Presentation
Description of Business
Westell Technologies, Inc. (the Company) is a holding company. Its wholly owned subsidiary, Westell, Inc., designs and distributes telecommunications products, which are sold primarily to major telephone companies. During the fiscal year 2018 second quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company dissolved Noran Tel, Inc. (NoranTel) a wholly owned subsidiary of Westell, Inc. NoranTel's operations have been fully incorporated into Westell, Inc.
Basis of Presentation and Reporting
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared using generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States for interim financial reporting, and consistent with the instructions of Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and, accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required in the annual consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim financial statements included herein reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position, the results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), statements of shareholders equity, and cash flows at December 31, 2018, and for all periods presented. The results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for fiscal year 2019.
Discontinued Operations
During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded an expense of $0.1 million for loss contingencies associated with two indemnity claims related to a significant customer contract. Both of these claims relate to a business which was previously sold and therefore presented as discontinued operations. The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows include discontinued operations. See Note 10 for additional information.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and that affect revenue and expenses during the periods reported. Estimates are used when accounting for the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, net realizable value of inventory, product warranty accrued, relative selling prices, stock-based compensation, intangible assets fair value, depreciation, income taxes, and contingencies, among other things. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). ASC 606 is based on the principle that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to fulfill a contract. The Company adopted ASC 606 on April 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach to all non-completed contracts as of the date of adoption. The reported results for fiscal year 2019 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.  As a result of the adoption, the Company recognized a cumulative effect of initially applying ASC 606 as a credit of $0.3 million to the beginning balance of retained earnings. This adjustment to retained earnings was a result of accelerated revenue recognition for right-to-use licenses previously accounted for under the software revenue recognition

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guidance and for which vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE) had not been established. See Note 2 for additional information related to the adoption of ASC 606, including a significant accounting policy update.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-01). ASU 2016-01 requires investments in equity securities, except those accounted for under the equity method and those that result in consolidation, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. ASU 2016-01 also simplifies the impairment assessment for those equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. For public entities, the ASU 2016-01 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 on April 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 had no impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flow (Topic 230) (ASU 2016-15). This update is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The update provides new guidance regarding the classification of debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies,
distributions received from equity method investments, beneficial interests in securitized transactions, and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 on April 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 had no impact on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and prior periods were not restated.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (ASU 2016-16). ASU 2016-16 requires the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for intra-entity asset transfers when the transaction occurs. The Company adopted the accounting guidance as of April 1, 2018.  The adoption of ASU 2016-16 had no impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting (ASU 2017-09). ASU 2017-09 applies to all entities that change the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award.  The amendments provide clarity and reduce diversity in practice as well as cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718 to the modification of the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award.  The amendments in ASU 2017-09 include guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718.  The Company adopted the accounting guidance as of April 1, 2018.  The adoption of ASU 2017-09 had no impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payments (ASU 2018-07). ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-07 on April 1, 2018. As the Company did not have any unsettled liability-classified awards as of April 1, 2018, the adoption of ASU 2018-07 had no impact on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (ASU 2016-02). In September 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840), and Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2017-13), which provides additional implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU 2016-02. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize leases on the balance sheet as a lease liability with a corresponding right-of-use asset for leases with a lease term of more than one year. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842 (Leases) (ASU 2018-10), which provides narrow amendments to clarify how to apply certain aspects of the new lease standard. In July 2018, the FASB also issued ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements. The amendments in this ASU provide for an additional transition method in which an entity applying the lease standard at adoption date recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Any comparative periods presented in the financial statements would continue to be presented in accordance with current GAAP (Topic 840). These lease standards are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. While early adoption is permitted, the Company will adopt ASU 2016-02 on April 1, 2019. There are two transition options. The first option requires a modified retrospective transition for capital or operating leases existing at or entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, but it does not require transition accounting for leases that expire prior to the date of initial application. The second option is discussed above and available under ASU 2018-11. The Company commenced the assessment of ASU 2016-02 during the first quarter of

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fiscal year 2019 and developed a project plan to guide the implementation. As the project plan progresses, the Company continues to analyze the standard’s impact on the Company’s lease portfolio, comparing historical accounting policies and practices to the requirements of the new standard and identifying potential differences from applying the requirements of the new standard to its leases. While the Company has compiled a list of all leases to date, the final impact of adoption will be determined based upon the leases in place at the date of adoption. The Company will draft an updated accounting policy, evaluate new disclosure requirements and identify and implement appropriate changes to business processes and internal controls to support compliance under the new standard. Key policy elections have been considered and disclosure requirements associated with these elections will be included in our financial statements. While the review is still ongoing, the Company expects to recognize right of use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets upon adoption.
In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, Codification Improvements (ASU 2018-09).  ASU 2018-09 does not prescribe any new accounting guidance, but instead makes minor improvements and clarifications of several different FASB Accounting Standards Codification areas based on comments and suggestions made by various stakeholders.  The amendments that are immediately applicable had no impact to the Company. Others aspects of ASU 2018-09 provide for a transition period to adopt as part of the next fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2018.  The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (ASU 2018-13). This update modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. Certain disclosure requirements established in Topic 820 have been removed, some have been modified and new disclosure requirements were added. This new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2018-13 may have on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (ASU 2018-15). This update’s main objective is to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The amendments in this update require that a customer in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs should be capitalized as an asset and which costs should be expensed and states that any capitalized implementation costs should be expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement. This new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2018-15 may have on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606 (ASU 2018-18). The update provides guidance on the interaction between Revenue Recognition (Topic 606) and Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808) by aligning the unit of account guidance between the two topics and clarifying whether certain transactions between collaborative participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606. ASU 2018-18 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU 2018-18 may have on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 2. Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue
Significant Accounting Policy Update
The Company records revenue based on a five-step model in accordance with ASC 606. The Company's revenue is derived from the sale of products, software, and services identified in contracts. A contract exists when both parties have an approved agreement that creates enforceable rights and obligations, identifies performance obligations and payment terms and has commercial substance. The Company records revenue from these contracts when control of the products or services transfer to the customer. The amount of revenue to be recognized is based upon the consideration, including the impacts of any variable consideration, that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these products and services.

The majority of the Company’s revenue is recorded at a point in time from the sale of tangible products. Revenue is recorded when control of the products passes to the customer, dependent upon the terms of the underlying contract. For right-to-use software, revenue is recognized at the point in time the customer has the right to use and can substantially benefit from use of the software. Products regularly include warranties that include bug fixes, and minor updates so that the product continues to function as promised in a dynamic environment, and phone support. These standard warranties are

10
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assurance type warranties which do not offer any services beyond the assurance that the product will continue working as specified. Therefore, warranties are not considered separate performance obligations. Instead, the Company accrues the expected cost of warranty. Extended warranties are sold separately with a post contract support (PCS) agreement. PCS revenue is recognized over time during the support period. Revenue from installation services is recognized when the services have been completed or transferred as this is when the customer has obtained control.

The Company has contracts with multiple performance obligations. When the sales agreement involves multiple performance obligations, each obligation is separately identified and the transaction price is allocated based on the amount of consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring the promised good or service to the customer. In most cases, the Company allocates the consideration to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price (RSP) of the distinct performance obligation. In circumstances where RSP is not observable, the Company allocates the consideration for the performance obligations by utilizing the residual approach.

For performance obligations that the Company satisfies over time, revenue is recognized by consistently applying a method of measuring progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. The Company utilizes the method that most accurately depicts the progress toward completion of the performance obligation. If the measure of remaining rights exceeds the measure of the remaining performance obligations, the Company records a contract asset. Conversely, if the measure of the remaining performance obligations exceeds the measure of the remaining rights, the Company records a contract liability. Contract assets and liabilities related to product returns will be recorded as contract assets and liabilities and presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Deferred revenue, respectively.

Customer billings for services not yet rendered are deferred and recognized as revenue as the services are rendered. The associated deferred revenue is included in Deferred revenue or Deferred revenue non-current, as appropriate, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company allows certain customers to return unused product under specified terms and conditions.  The Company estimates product returns based on historical sales and return trends and records a corresponding refund liability.  The refund liability is included within accrued expenses on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  Additionally, the Company records an asset based on historical experience for the amount of product the Company expects to return to inventory as a result of the return, which is recorded in prepaid and other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  Under previous guidance, the Company netted the asset against the refund liability and presented the net refund liability within accrued expenses. The gross product return asset was $0.1 million and $0.1 million at April 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Financial Statement Impact of Adopting ASC 606

The following table summarizes the changes made to the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 for the adoption of ASC 606:
(in thousands)
As reported March 31, 2018
 
Adjustments due to ASC 606
 
Adjusted as of April 1, 2018
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
816

 
$
72

 
$
888

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses
3,328

 
72

 
3,400

Deferred revenue
1,790

 
(110
)
 
1,680

Deferred revenue non-current
846

 
(219
)
 
627

 Stockholders' Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated deficit
$
(329,645
)
 
$
329

 
$
(329,316
)


11
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The following table summarizes the impacts of adopting ASC 606 on the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018:
(in thousands)
As of December 31, 2018
 
As reported under ASC 606
 
Effect of Change Increase/ (Decrease)
 
Proforma under ASC 605
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
1,169

 
$
(57
)
 
$
1,112

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued expenses
2,854

 
(57
)
 
2,797

Deferred revenue
679

 
110

 
789

Deferred revenue non-current
514

 
137

 
651

 Stockholders' Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated deficit
$
(332,652
)
 
$
(247
)
 
$
(332,899
)

The following table summarizes the impacts of adopting ASC 606 on the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018:
(in thousands)
For the three months ended December 31, 2018
 
For the nine months ended December 31, 2018
 
As reported under ASC 606
 
Effect of Change Increase/ (Decrease)
 
Proforma under ASC 605
 
As reported under ASC 606
 
Effect of Change Increase/ (Decrease)
 
Proforma under ASC 605
Revenue
$
10,722

 
$
27

 
$
10,749

 
$
33,865

 
$
82

 
$
33,947

Gross Profit
4,590

 
27

 
4,617

 
14,718

 
82

 
14,800

Net income (loss) from continuing operations
(1,556
)
 
27

 
(1,529
)
 
(3,198
)
 
82

 
(3,116
)
Net income (loss)
$
(1,556
)
 
$
27

 
$
(1,529
)
 
$
(3,336
)
 
$
82

 
$
(3,254
)

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

The Company has adopted certain practical expedients available under ASC 606.

Contract Costs
The Company adopted the practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses. If the incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consist of sales commissions, relate to a service recognized over a period longer than one year, costs are deferred and amortized in line with the related services over the period of benefit. As of December 31, 2018, there were no deferred contract costs.

Financing
The Company adopted the practical expedient that permits the Company to forego adjusting contract consideration for the effects of any financing component if payments for goods and services are expected to be received one year or less from when control of the goods or services has transferred to the customer. Payment terms vary by customer. Generally, the time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. Occasionally, the Company requires customers to make a payment before delivery of the products or services to the customer.

Sales Taxes
The Company made the accounting policy election to record revenue net of sales taxes. This is consistent with the Company's practice under the previous guidance.


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Shipping and Handling
Shipping and handling billed to customers is recorded as revenue. The Company classifies shipping and handling costs associated with both inbound freight and the distribution of finished product to our customers as cost of revenue. This is consistent with the Company's practice under the previous guidance.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source:
(In thousands)
Three months ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended December 31,
 
2018 (under ASC 606)
 
2017 (under ASC 605)
 
2018 (under ASC 606)
 
2017 (under ASC 605)
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Products
$
9,400

 
$
11,476

 
$
30,230

 
$
41,873

    Software
408

 
278

 
982

 
1,523

    Services
914

 
1,921

 
2,653

 
4,085

Total revenue
$
10,722

 
$
13,675

 
$
33,865

 
$
47,481


The following is the expected future revenue recognition timing of deferred revenue as of December 31, 2018:
(in thousands)
< 1 year
 
1-2 years
 
> 2 years
Deferred Revenue
$
679

 
$
283

 
$
231


During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized $1.6 million of revenue that was deferred as of the beginning of the period.
Note 3. Restructuring Charges
In the nine months ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a restructuring expense of $0.2 million related to employee termination costs that spanned all three segments. The Company did not record any restructuring expense in the nine months ended December 31, 2018.
Total liability for restructuring charges and their utilization for the nine months ended December 31, 2018, are summarized as follows: 
 
Nine months ended December 31, 2018
(in thousands)
Employee-related
 
Other costs
 
Total
Liability at beginning of period
$
—

 
$
63

 
$
63

Charged
—

 
—

 
—

Paid
—

 
(63
)
 
(63
)
Liability at end of period
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Note 4. Interim Segment Information
Segment information is presented in accordance with a “management approach", which designates the internal reporting used by the chief operating decision-maker (CODM) for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of the Company's reportable segments. Westell’s Chief Executive Officer is the CODM. The CODM continues to define segment profit as gross profit less research and development expenses. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those for Westell Technologies, Inc. described in the summary of significant accounting policies included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended March 31, 2018 and as updated in this filing.
The Company’s three reportable segments are as follows:
In-Building Wireless (IBW) Segment
IBW segment solutions enable cellular coverage in stadiums, arenas, malls, buildings, and other indoor areas not served well or at all by the existing "macro" outdoor cellular network. For commercial service, solutions include distributed antenna systems (DAS) conditioners and digital repeaters. For the public safety market, solutions include half-watt and two-watt repeaters and a

13
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battery backup unit. IBW also offers ancillary products that consist of passive system components and antennas for both the commercial and public safety markets.
Intelligent Site Management (ISM) Segment (formerly Intelligent Site Management and Services or ISMS)
ISM segment solutions include a suite of remote units, which are network devices used for on-site processing. Remotes provide on-site machine-to-machine (M2M) communications that enable operators to remotely monitor, manage, and control site infrastructure and support systems. Remotes can be and often are combined with our Optima management software system. ISM also offers support services (i.e., maintenance agreements) and deployment services (i.e., installation).
Communications Network Solutions (CNS) Segment
CNS segment solutions include a broad range of outdoor network infrastructure offerings consisting of integrated cabinets, power distribution products, copper and fiber connectivity panels, fiber access products, T1 network interface units (NIUs), and tower mounted amplifiers (TMAs).

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Segment information for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, and 2017, is set forth below: 
 
 
Three months ended December 31, 2018
 
(in thousands)
 
IBW
 
ISM
 
CNS
 
Total
 
Revenue
 
$
2,794

 
$
5,116

 
$
2,812

 
$
10,722

 
Cost of revenue
 
1,725


2,217

 
2,190

 
6,132

 
Gross profit
 
1,069

 
2,899

 
622

 
4,590

 
Gross margin
 
38.3
%
 
56.7
%
 
22.1
%
 
42.8
%
 
Research and development
 
682

 
570

 
484

 
1,736

 
Segment profit
 
$
387

 
$
2,329

 
$
138

 
2,854

 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and marketing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,999

 
General and administrative
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,738

 
Intangible amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
830

 
Operating profit (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,713
)
 
Other income, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
158

 
Income tax benefit (expense)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1
)
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(1,556
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended December 31, 2017
 
(in thousands)
 
IBW
 
ISM
 
CNS
 
Total
 
Revenue
 
$
5,223

 
$
5,802

 
$
2,650

 
$
13,675

 
Cost of revenue
 
2,754

 
2,642

 
2,203

 
7,599

 
Gross profit
 
2,469

 
3,160

 
447

 
6,076

 
Gross margin
 
47.3
%
 
54.5
%
 
16.9
%
 
44.4
%
 
Research and development
 
750

 
547

 
245

 
1,542

 
Segment profit
 
$
1,719

 
$
2,613

 
$
202

 
4,534

 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and marketing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,950

 
General and administrative
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,502

 
Intangible amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,047

 
Restructuring
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
—

 
Operating profit (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
35

 
Other income, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
79

 
Income tax benefit (expense)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
685

(1) 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
799

 
(1) During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company had income tax benefit from the release of the tax valuation allowance associated with previously generated alternative minimum tax (AMT) credits due to the enacted Tax Reform. See Note 9.
 

15
Table of Contents

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended December 31, 2018
 
(in thousands)
 
IBW
 
ISM
 
CNS
 
Total
 
Revenue
 
$
9,997

 
$
13,506

 
$
10,362

 
$
33,865

 
Cost of revenue
 
5,574


6,237

 
7,336

 
19,147

 
Gross profit
 
4,423

 
7,269

 
3,026

 
14,718

 
Gross margin
 
44.2
%
 
53.8
%
 
29.2
%
 
43.5
%
 
Research and development
 
2,071

 
1,697

 
1,243

 
5,011

 
Segment profit
 
$
2,352

 
$
5,572

 
$
1,783

 
9,707

 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and marketing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,012

 
General and administrative
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,672

 
Intangible amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,652

 
Operating profit (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3,629
)
 
Other income, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
442

 
Income tax benefit (expense)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(11
)
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(3,198
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended December 31, 2017
 
(in thousands)
 
IBW
 
ISM
 
CNS
 
Total
 
Revenue
 
$
20,098

 
$
14,662

 
$
12,721

 
$
47,481

 
Cost of revenue
 
10,965

 
7,157

 
9,241

 
27,363

 
Gross profit
 
9,133

 
7,505

 
3,480

 
20,118

 
Gross margin
 
45.4
%

51.2
%
 
27.4
%
 
42.4
%
 
Research and development
 
3,656

 
1,635

 
732

 
6,023

 
Segment profit (loss)
 
$
5,477

 
$
5,870

 
$
2,748

 
14,095

 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and marketing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,278

 
General and administrative
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,022

 
Intangible amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,142

 
Restructuring
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
165

 
Operating profit (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(512
)
 
Other income, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
799

(1) 
Income tax benefit (expense)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
660

(2) 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
947

 

(1) During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company dissolved the NoranTel legal entity, which triggered a one-time foreign currency gain with the reversal of a cumulative translation adjustment. See Note 1.
(2) During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company had income tax benefit from the release of the tax valuation allowance associated with previously generated alternative minimum tax (AMT) credits due to the enacted Tax Reform. See Note 9.
Segment asset information is not reported to or used by the CODM.
Note 5. Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of first-in, first-out cost or market value. The components of inventories are as follows: 
(in thousands)
December 31, 2018
 
March 31, 2018
Raw materials
$
3,440

 
$
2,969

Finished goods
6,723

 
6,253

    Total inventories
$
10,163

 
$
9,222


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Table of Contents

Note 6. Stock-Based Compensation
The Westell Technologies, Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the 2015 Plan) was approved at the annual meeting of stockholders on September 16, 2015. The 2015 Plan replaced the Westell Technologies, Inc. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2004 Plan). If any award granted under the 2015 Plan or the 2004 Plan is canceled, terminates, expires, or lapses for any reason, any Shares subject to such award shall again be available for the grant of an award under the 2015 Plan. Shares subject to an award shall not again be made available for issuance under the 2015 Plan if such Shares are: (a) shares delivered to or withheld by the Company to pay the grant or purchase price of an award, or (b) shares delivered to or withheld by the Company to pay the withholding taxes related to an award. The stock options, restricted stock awards, and restricted stock units (RSUs) awarded under the 2015 Plan generally vest in equal annual installments over 3 years for employees and 1 year for independent directors. The stock options, restricted stock awards, and RSUs awarded under the 2004 Plan vest in equal annual installments over 4 years. Performance stock units (PSUs) earned vest over the performance period. Certain awards provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The Company issues new shares for stock awards under the 2015 Plan.
The following table is a summary of total stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock options, restricted stock, RSUs and PSUs, during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, and 2017: 
 
Three months ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Stock-based compensation expense
$
303

 
$
316

 
$
889

 
$
988

Income tax benefit
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total stock-based compensation expense, after taxes
$
303

 
$
316

 
$
889

 
$
988

Stock Options
Stock option activity for the nine months ended December 31, 2018, is as follows:
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price Per
Share
 
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(in years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value (1)
 (in thousands)
Outstanding on March 31, 2018
197,936

 
$
4.87

 
4.4
 
$
56

Granted
100,000

 
3.14

 

 

Exercised
—

 
—

 

 

Forfeited
(1,460
)
 
4.66

 

 

Expired
(2,998
)
 
4.69

 

 

Outstanding on December 31, 2018
293,478

 
$
4.28

 
4.6
 
$
0

 
(1) 
The intrinsic value for the stock options is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the Westell Technologies’ closing stock price as of the respective reporting date.
Restricted Stock
The following table sets forth restricted stock activity for the nine months ended December 31, 2018: 
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair
Value
Non-vested as of March 31, 2018
62,761

 
$
3.35

Granted
63,334

 
2.86

Vested
(62,761
)
 
3.35

Forfeited
—

 
—

Non-vested as of December 31, 2018
63,334

 
$
2.86


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RSUs
The following table sets forth the RSU activity for the nine months ended December 31, 2018: 
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair
Value
Non-vested as of March 31, 2018
518,450

 
$
3.03

Granted
412,500

 
3.08

Vested
(179,070
)
 
3.24

Forfeited
(53,544
)
 
2.82

Non-vested as of December 31, 2018
698,336

 
$
3.03

PSUs

PSUs will be earned based upon achievement of performance goals tied to growing revenue and non-GAAP profitability targets for the first, second, third, and fourth quarters of fiscal year 2019 and toward the annual fiscal year 2019 objective. Upon vesting, the PSUs convert into shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company on a one-for-one basis. 
The following table sets forth the PSU activity for the nine months ended December 31, 2018: 
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested as of March 31, 2018 (at target)
—

 
$
—

Granted, at target
50,000

 
3.14

Vested
—

 
—

Forfeited
(25,000
)
 
3.14

Non-vested as of December 31, 2018 (at target)
25,000

 
$
3.14

Note 7. Product Warranties
The Company’s products carry a limited warranty ranging from one to five years for the products within the IBW segment, typically one year for products within the ISM segment (formerly ISMS), and one to seven years for products within the CNS segment. The specific terms and conditions of those warranties vary depending upon the customer and the products sold. Factors that affect the estimate of the Company’s warranty reserve include: the number of units shipped, anticipated rates of warranty claims, and cost per claim. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liability and adjusts the reserve as necessary. The current portions of the warranty reserve are $112,000 and $125,000 as of December 31, 2018, and March 31, 2018, respectively, and are presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in Accrued expenses. The non-current portions of the warranty reserves are $163,000 and $175,000 as of December 31, 2018, and March 31, 2018, respectively, and are presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in Other non-current liabilities.
The following table presents the changes in the Company’s product warranty reserve:
 
Three months ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Total product warranty reserve at the beginning of the period
$
285

 
$
446

 
$
300

 
$
395

Warranty expense to cost of revenue
12

 
42

 
44

 
160

Utilization
(22
)
 
(39
)
 
(69
)
 
(106
)
Total product warranty reserve at the end of the period
$
275

 
$
449

 
$
275

 
$
449

Note 8. Variable Interest Entity and Guarantee
The Company has a 50% equity ownership in AccessTel Kentrox Australia PTY LTD (AKA). AKA distributes network management solutions provided by the Company and the other 50% owner to one customer. The Company holds equal voting control with the other owner. All actions of AKA are decided at the board level by majority vote. The Company evaluated ASC 810, Consolidations, and concluded that AKA is a variable interest entity (VIE) and the Company has a variable interest in the VIE. The Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of AKA and, therefore, consolidation is not

18
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required. The carrying amount of the Company's investment in AKA was approximately $0.1 million as of both December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, which is presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets within Other non-current assets.
The Company's revenue from sales to AKA for the three months ended December 31, 2018, and 2017, was $0.5 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The Company's revenue from sales to AKA for the nine months ended December 31, 2018, and 2017, was $1.6 million and $3.2 million, respectively. Accounts receivable from AKA was $0.4 million as of both December 31, 2018, and March 31, 2018. Deferred revenue, which primarily relates to AKA maintenance contracts, was $0.9 million and $1.4 million as of December 31, 2018, and March 31, 2018, respectively. The Company also has provided an unlimited guarantee for the performance of the other 50% owner in AKA, which primarily provides support and engineering services to the customer. This guarantee was put in place at the request of the AKA customer. The guarantee, which is estimated to have a maximum potential future payment of $0.7 million, will stay in place as long as the contract between AKA and the customer is in place. The Company would have recourse against the other 50% owner in AKA in the event the guarantee is triggered. The Company determined that it could perform on the obligation it guaranteed at a positive rate of return and, therefore, did not assign value to the guarantee. The Company's exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with AKA, exclusive of lost profits, is limited to the items noted above.
Note 9. Income Taxes
At the end of each interim period, the Company makes its best estimate of the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year and uses that rate to provide for income taxes on a current year-to-date basis before discrete items. If a reliable estimate cannot be made, the Company may make a reasonable estimate of the annual effective tax rate, including use of the actual effective rate for the year-to-date. The impact of discrete items is recorded in the quarter in which they occur. The Company utilizes the liability method of accounting for income taxes and deferred taxes, which are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities given the enacted tax laws. The Company evaluates the need for valuation allowances on the net deferred tax assets under the rules of ASC 740, Income Taxes. In assessing the realizability of the Company's deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized through the generation of future taxable income. In making this determination, the Company assessed all of the evidence available at the time, including recent earnings, forecasted income projections and historical performance. The Company determined that the negative evidence outweighed the objectively verifiable positive evidence and previously recorded a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to reassess realizability going forward.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). The Act significantly revises the future ongoing U.S. corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering the U.S. corporate federal income tax rate from 34% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. 
The final transition impacts of the Act may differ from our previous estimates, possibly materially, due to, among other things, changes in interpretations of the Act, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of the Act, any changes in accounting standards for income taxes or related interpretations in response to the Act, or any updates or changes to estimates the Company has utilized to calculate the transition impacts, including impacts from changes to current year earnings estimates. The Securities Exchange Commission has issued guidance that allows for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment date of the Act to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts. In the quarter ended December 31, 2018, the Company has finalized its estimates of the impact of the Tax Act with no material effect on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of December 31, 2018, the Company had net deferred tax assets of approximately $37.0 million before a valuation allowance of $37.0 million. As of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the Company has $697,000 tax receivable associated with a prior AMT credit carryforward. The Company expects to recover the entire amount by 2022 via a tax refund.
The Company recorded $1,000 and $11,000 of income tax expense in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively, using an effective income tax rate of (0.32)% plus discrete items. The Company recorded $685,000 and $660,000 of income tax expense in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, using an effective rate of 1.76% plus discrete items. The effective rate in both periods is impacted by the intraperiod allocation as a result of income or loss from continuing operations, and states which base tax on gross margin and not pretax income.

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Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation and Contingency Reserves
The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in various assertions, claims, proceedings and requests for indemnification concerning intellectual property, including patent infringement suits involving technologies that may be incorporated in the Company’s products, which are being handled and defended in the ordinary course of business. These matters are in various stages of investigation and litigation, and they are being vigorously defended. Although the Company does not expect that the outcome in any of these matters, individually or collectively, will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations, litigation is inherently unpredictable. Therefore, judgments could be rendered, or settlements entered, that could adversely affect the Company’s operating results or cash flows in a particular period. The Company routinely assesses all of its litigation and threatened litigation as to the probability of ultimately incurring a liability, and it records its best estimate of the ultimate loss in situations where it assesses the likelihood of loss as probable.

In the ordinary course of operations the Company receives claims where the Company believes an unfavorable outcome is possible and/or for which is probable and no estimate of possible losses can currently be made.  A significant customer was a defendant in two patent infringement claims and is asserting possible indemnity rights under contracts with the Company.  The customer has settled one matter, and won summary judgment for all claims in the other. The customer has informed the Company that the customer intends to seek to recover from the Company a share of the settlement and defense costs.  For the settled case, the customer provided an initial unsubstantiated claim with an allocation of their settlement and defense costs. The Company recently obtained additional information to evaluate the facts. Based upon the analysis of the documentation, the Company estimates a probable loss in a range of $88,000 to $315,000. For the summary judgment case, the customer provided an initial allocation of their defense costs. The Company recently obtained additional information to evaluate the facts. Based upon the analysis of the documentation, the Company estimates a probable loss in a range of $50,000 to $160,000. As there is not a best estimate within either range, the Company recorded an expense at the lower limits. Both of these claims relate to a business which was previously sold and therefore presented as discontinued operations.
Note 11. Short-term Investments
As of March 31, 2018, the Company owned Certificates of Deposit amounting to $2.8 million, held at cost. There were no short-term investments as of December 31, 2018, as they were all converted to cash equivalents.
Note 12. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820), as the price that would be received upon selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

•
Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
•
Level 2 – Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
•
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The Company’s money market funds are measured using Level 1 inputs.
The following table presents available-for-sale securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018:
(in thousands)
Total Fair Value
of Asset or
Liability
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Balance Sheet
Classification
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$
26,554

 
$
26,554

 
—

 
—

 
Cash and cash
equivalents

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The following table presents available-for-sale securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2018:
(in thousands)
Total Fair Value
of Asset or
Liability
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Balance Sheet
Classification
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$
19,237

 
$
19,237

 
—

 
—

 
Cash and cash
equivalents
The fair value of the money market funds approximates their carrying amounts due to the short-term nature of these financial assets.
Note 13. Share Repurchases
In May 2017, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program whereby the Company may repurchase up to an aggregate of $2.0 million of its outstanding Class A Common Stock (the 2017 authorization). The 2017 authorization is in addition to the $0.1 million that was remaining from the August 2011 $20.0 million authorization (the 2011 authorization). There were 337,653 and 133,608 shares repurchased under the authorizations during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, at a weighted average purchase price of $2.51 and $2.98 per share, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, there was approximately $0.9 million remaining for additional share repurchases under the 2017 authorization and the 2011 authorization was exhausted.
Additionally, in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the Company repurchased 59,053 and 54,572 shares of Class A Common Stock, respectively, from certain employees that were surrendered to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding obligations on the vesting of restricted stock, RSUs and PSUs. These repurchases were not included in the authorized share repurchase programs and had a weighted-average purchase price of $3.24 and $2.89 per share, respectively.
Note 14. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets include customer relationships, trade names, developed technology and other intangibles. Intangible assets with determinable lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recorded for the excess of the asset’s carrying amount over its fair value. Intangible asset impairment charges are presented in Intangible amortization on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

There was no intangible asset impairment during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017.
Note 15. Accrued Expenses
The components of accrued expenses are as follows:
(in thousands)
December 31, 2018
 
March 31, 2018
Accrued compensation
$
339

 
$
772

Accrued contractual obligation
1,445

 
1,445

Legal contingencies - DISCO (See Note 10)
138

 
—

Other accrued expenses
932

 
1,111

Total accrued expenses
$
2,854

 
$
3,328


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Note 16. Land, Property, and Equipment
Long-lived assets consist of land, property and equipment. Long-lived assets that are held and used should be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived assets might not be recoverable. There was no long-lived asset impairment during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017.
The components of fixed assets are as follows:
(in thousands)
December 31, 2018
 
March 31, 2018
Land
$
672

 
$
672

Machinery and equipment
1,380

 
1,296

Office, computer and research equipment
5,333

 
5,175

Leasehold improvements
798

 
1,238

Land, property and equipment, gross
8,183

 
8,381

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
(6,749
)
 
(6,780
)
Land, property and equipment, net
$
1,434

 
$
1,601




ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
The following discussion should be read together with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes thereto and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. All references herein to the term “fiscal year” shall mean a year ended March 31 of the year specified.
Westell Technologies, Inc., (the Company) is a leading provider of high-performance network infrastructure solutions focused on innovation and differentiation at the edge of communication networks where end users connect. The Company’s portfolio of products and solutions enable service providers and network operators to improve performance and reduce operating expenses. With millions of products successfully deployed worldwide, Westell is a trusted partner for transforming networks into high-quality, reliable systems.
The Company’s three reportable segments are as follows:
In-Building Wireless (IBW) Segment
IBW segment solutions enable cellular coverage in stadiums, arenas, malls, buildings, and other indoor areas not served well or at all by the existing "macro" outdoor cellular network. For commercial service, solutions include distributed antenna systems (DAS) conditioners and digital repeaters. For the public safety market, solutions include half-watt and two-watt repeaters and a battery backup unit. IBW also offers ancillary products that consist of passive system components and antennas for both the commercial and public safety markets.
Intelligent Site Management (ISM) Segment (formerly Intelligent Site Management and Services or ISMS)
ISM segment solutions include a suite of remote units, which are network devices used for on-site processing. Remotes provide on-site machine-to-machine (M2M) communications that enable operators to remotely monitor, manage, and control site infrastructure and support systems. Remotes can be and often are combined with our Optima management software system. ISM also offers support services (i.e., maintenance agreements) and deployment services (i.e., installation).
Communications Network Solutions (CNS) Segment
CNS segment solutions include a broad range of outdoor network infrastructure offerings consisting of integrated cabinets, power distribution products, copper and fiber connectivity panels, fiber access products, T1 network interface units (NIUs), and tower mounted amplifiers (TMAs).
Customers
The Company’s customer base includes communications service providers, systems integrators, neutral-host operators, and distributors. Due to the stringent customer quality specifications and regulated environments in which many customers

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operate, the Company must undergo lengthy approval and procurement processes prior to selling most of its products. Accordingly, the Company must make significant up-front investments in product and market development prior to actual commencement of sales of new products. The prices for the Company's products vary based upon volume, customer specifications, and other criteria, and are subject to change for a variety of reasons, including cost and competitive factors.
To remain competitive, the Company must continue to invest in new product development and/or in targeted sales and marketing efforts to launch new product lines and features. Failure to increase revenues from new products, whether due to lack of market acceptance, competition, technological change, purchasing decisions, meeting technical specifications, or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations. The Company expects to continue to evaluate new product opportunities and invest in research and development activities.
In view of the Company’s reliance on the communications infrastructure market for revenues, the project nature of the business, the unpredictability of orders, and pricing pressures, the Company believes that period-to-period comparisons of its financial results should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. The Company has experienced quarterly fluctuations in customer ordering and purchasing activity due primarily to the project-based nature of the business and due to budgeting and procurement patterns toward the end of the calendar year or the beginning of a new calendar year. While these factors can result in the greatest fluctuations in the Company's third and fourth fiscal quarters, this is not always consistent and may not always correlate to financial results.
Results of Operations
Below is a table that compares revenue for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, and 2017, by segment.
Revenue
 
Three months ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
IBW
$
2,794

 
$
5,223

 
$
(2,429
)
 
$
9,997

 
$
20,098

 
$
(10,101
)
ISM
5,116

 
5,802

 
(686
)
 
13,506

 
14,662

 
(1,156
)
CNS
2,812

 
2,650

 
162

 
10,362

 
12,721

 
(2,359
)
Consolidated revenue
$
10,722

 
$
13,675

 
$
(2,953
)
 
$
33,865

 
$
47,481

 
$
(13,616
)
IBW revenue was $2.8 million and $10.0 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to $5.2 million and $20.1 million in the same periods in the prior year. The decrease in revenue for both periods ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to lower sales of DAS conditioners, commercial repeaters, and ancillary products. Sales of DAS conditioners have decreased due to a network architecture shift to an alternative, non-DAS solution for in-building coverage in large venues such as stadiums and arenas. Going forward, we do not anticipate sales of DAS conditioners to rebound to previous levels, but we do expect on-going demand where customers may add capacity to the existing embedded base of large-venue DAS networks, as well as in smaller in-building DAS deployments that require a stand-alone conditioner. While we expect the commercial repeater market to either remain flat or decline further, as customers continue to shift to other forms of commercial in-building coverage such as small cells, we expect the market for public safety repeaters to continue to grow as more local municipalities pass and enforce ordinances that require in-building cellular communication coverage for public safety.
ISM revenue was $5.1 million and $13.5 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to $5.8 million and $14.7 million in the same periods in the prior year. The decrease in revenue for both periods ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to a decline in services revenue, which was largely attributable to a decrease in both deployment and support service revenue from one major domestic customer. The services revenue decline was slightly offset by increased product revenue. Due to the project-based nature of our ISM business, it is difficult to make a determination on future trends.
CNS revenue was $2.8 million and $10.4 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to $2.7 million and $12.7 million in the same periods in the prior year. The slight increase in revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2018 was driven by higher sales of integrated cabinets and copper/fiber network connectivity panels as well as revenue from our fiber access solutions introduced earlier this year, partly offset by lower sales of power distribution products, T1 NIUs, and TMAs. The decrease in revenue for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 was due primarily to lower sales of integrated cabinets, T1 NIUs, and TMAs, partly offset by higher sales of copper/fiber network connectivity panels and our new fiber access solutions. We expect revenue from our new fiber access solutions to grow. We expect sales of integrated cabinets, which are heavily project-based, to remain uneven, while sales of power distribution products and copper/fiber connectivity panels are expected to at least remain steady. We expect T1 NIUs and TMA revenue to continue to decrease over time as these products are in declining markets.

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Gross Margin
  
Three months ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
IBW
38.3
%
 
47.3
%
 
(9.0
)%
 
44.2
%
 
45.4
%
 
(1.2
)%
ISM
56.7
%
 
54.5
%
 
2.2
 %
 
53.8
%
 
51.2
%
 
2.6
 %
CNS
22.1
%
 
16.9
%
 
5.2
 %
 
29.2
%
 
27.4
%
 
1.8
 %
Consolidated gross margin
42.8
%
 
44.4
%
 
(1.6
)%
 
43.5
%
 
42.4
%
 
1.1
 %

Consolidated gross margin changes from period to period are a function of the revenue mix among the three segments, as well as margin changes within each of the segments which are driven largely by product and customer mix, revenue levels, prices, and costs. The slight year-over-year decrease for the three months ended December 31, 2018 was largely attributable to the lower margin with the IBW segment due primarily to lower IBW segment revenue, partly offset by the higher margin ISM segment representing a great percentage of the overall revenue mix. The slight year-over-year increase for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to the higher margin ISM segment representing a great percentage of the overall revenue mix.
Research and Development
 
Three months ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
IBW
$
682

 
$
750

 
$
(68
)
 
$
2,071

 
$
3,656

 
$
(1,585
)
ISM
570

 
547

 
23

 
1,697

 
1,635

 
62

CNS
484

 
245

 
239

 
1,243

 
732

 
511

Consolidated research and
development expense
$
1,736

 
$
1,542

 
$
194

 
$
5,011

 
$
6,023

 
$
(1,012
)
Research and development expenses increased by $0.2 million and decreased by $1.0 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increase in the comparable three month period was primarily due spending in the new fiber access solutions in the CNS segment. The decrease in the comparable nine month period was primarily due to the IBW segment, where the business shifted its focus to pursue growth via OEM partnerships rather than developing products internally. This was partly offset by a CNS increase related to development of our new fiber access solutions.
Sales and Marketing
 
Three months ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
Consolidated sales and
marketing expense
$
1,999

 
$
1,950

 
$
49

 
$
6,012

 
$
6,278

 
$
(266
)
Sales and marketing expense was relatively flat in the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017. Sales and marketing expense decreased $0.3 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to same period in the prior fiscal year. The decrease was largely attributable to a lower expense structure as a part of the Company's aforementioned overall resetting of cost and expense.
General and Administrative
 
Three months ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
Consolidated general and
administrative expense
$
1,738

 
$
1,502

 
$
236

 
$
4,672

 
$
5,022

 
$
(350
)
Consolidated general and administrative expense increased $0.2 million and decreased $0.4 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year. The increase in the three month period was primarily due to higher external professional services expenses. The decrease in the nine month period was largely attributable to a lower expense structure as a part of the Company's aforementioned overall resetting of cost and expense.

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Intangible amortization
 
Three months ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
Consolidated intangible
amortization
$
830

 
$
1,047

 
$
(217
)
 
$
2,652

 
$
3,142

 
$
(490
)

Amortization in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were non-cash expenses related to intangible assets established through acquisitions within all three business segments during the 2012 to 2014 time frames. These intangible assets consist of product technology, customer relationships, trade names, and backlog derived from the acquisitions. The decrease in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the same periods of the prior fiscal year resulted primarily from product and customer related intangibles from the Antone acquisition becoming fully amortized. 

Other income, net
 
Three months ended December 31,
 
Nine months ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
Consolidated other
income (expense)
$
158

 
$
79

 
$
79

 
$
442

 
$
799

 
$
(357
)

Other income, net contains interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents and foreign currency gains/losses related primarily to receivables and cash denominated in Australian and Canadian currencies. During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a non-recurring foreign currency gain of $0.6 million related to the wind-down of the NoranTel legal entity.  The decrease during the nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the prior fiscal year, was partially offset due to increased interest rates on investments.
Income tax expense
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). The Act significantly revises the future ongoing U.S. corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering the U.S. corporate federal income tax rate from 34% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.
The final transition impacts of the Act may differ from our previous estimates, possibly materially, due to, among other things, changes in interpretations of the Act, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of the Act, any changes in accounting standards for income taxes or related interpretations in response to the Act, or any updates or changes to estimates the Company has utilized to calculate the transition impacts, including impacts from changes to current year earnings estimates. The Securities Exchange Commission has issued guidance that allows for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment date of the Act to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts. In the quarter ended December 31, 2018, the Company has finalized its estimates of the impact of the Tax Act with no material effect on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the Company has $697,000 of federal alternative minimum tax ("AMT") credit carryforward. The Company expects to recover the entire amount by 2022 via a tax refund.
The Company recorded $1,000 and $11,000 of income tax expense in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively, using an effective income tax rate of (0.32)% plus discrete items. The Company recorded $685,000 and $660,000 of income tax benefit in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, using an effective rate of 1.76% plus discrete items. The effective rate in both periods is impacted by the intraperiod allocation as a result of income or loss from continuing operations, and states which base tax on gross margin and not pretax income.
Discontinued Operations
During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded an expense of $0.1 million for loss contingencies associated with two indemnity claims related to a significant customer contract. Both of these claims relate to a business which was previously sold and therefore presented as discontinued operations. The Company estimates the range of the combined probable losses to be $0.1 million to $0.5 million.

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Net income (loss)
Net loss was $1.6 million and $3.3 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018. Net income was $0.8 million and $0.9 million in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017. The changes were a result of the cumulative effects of the variances identified above.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
At December 31, 2018, the Company had $27.1 million in cash and cash equivalents consisting of bank deposits and money market funds. The Company believes that the existing sources of liquidity and cash from operations will satisfy cash flow requirements for the foreseeable future.
Cash Flows

The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows include the discontinued operations. The significant changes in cash flows were as follows:
 
Nine months ended December 31,
(in thousands)
2018
 
2017
Net cash flow provided by (used in):
 
 
 
Operating activities
$
638

 
$
5,069

Investing activities
2,506

 
(4,798
)
Financing activities
(1,038
)
 
(558
)
Effect of exchange rate on changes on cash
(4
)
 
1

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
$
2,102

 
$
(286
)
Net cash provided by operating activities was $0.6 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to $5.1 million in the same period of the prior year. The change resulted primarily from the net loss in the current period adjusted for non-cash items and an increase in cash used by working capital when compared to the same period in the prior year.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $2.5 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to $4.8 million used in the same period of the prior year. The change was primarily due to the conversion of all short-term investments into cash equivalents.
Net cash used by financing activities was $1.0 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to $0.6 million used in the same period of the prior year. The increased use of cash was due primarily from the increased purchases of treasury stock.
As of December 31, 2018, the Company had net deferred tax assets of approximately $37.0 million before a valuation allowance of $37.0 million. Also, as of December 31, 2018, the Company had a $3.0 million tax contingency reserve related to uncertain tax positions, which is offset against deferred tax assets. The federal net operating loss carryforward begins to expire in fiscal year 2023. Realization of deferred tax assets associated with the Company’s future deductible temporary differences, net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards is dependent upon generating sufficient taxable income prior to their expiration, among other factors. The Company weighed positive and negative evidence to assess the need for a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets and whether a tax benefit should be recorded when taxable losses are incurred. The existence of a valuation allowance does not limit the availability of tax assets to reduce taxes payable when taxable income arises. Management periodically evaluates the recoverability of the deferred tax assets and may adjust the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets accordingly.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company has a 50% equity ownership in AccessTel Kentrox Australia PTY LTD (AKA). AKA distributes network management solutions provided by the Company and the other 50% owner to one customer. The Company holds equal voting control with the other owner. All actions of AKA are decided at the board level by majority vote. The Company also has provided an unlimited guarantee for the performance of the other 50% owner in AKA, which primarily provides support and engineering services to the customer. This guarantee was put in place at the request of the AKA customer. The guarantee,

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which is estimated to have a maximum potential future payment of $0.7 million, will stay in place as long as the contract between AKA and the customer is in place. The Company would have recourse against the other 50% owner in AKA in the event the guarantee is triggered. The Company determined that it could perform on the obligation it guaranteed at a positive rate of return and, therefore, did not assign value to the guarantee.
Critical Accounting Policies
A complete description of the Company’s significant accounting policies is discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. There have been no material changes in the Company's critical accounting policies from those disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018, except as described below.
Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue
The Company records revenue based on a five-step model in accordance with ASC 606. The Company's revenue is derived from the sale of products, software, and services identified in contracts. A contract exists when both parties have an approved agreement that creates enforceable rights and obligations, identifies performance obligations and payment terms and has commercial substance. The Company records revenue from these contracts when control of the products or services transfer to the customer. The amount of revenue to be recognized is based upon the consideration, including the impacts of any variable consideration, that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these products and services.
The majority of the Company’s revenue is recorded at a point in time from the sale of tangible products. Revenue is recorded when control of the products passes to the customer, dependent upon the terms of the underlying contract. For right-to-use software, revenue is recognized at the point in time the customer has the right to use and can substantially benefit from use of the software. Products regularly include warranties that include bug fixes, and minor updates so that the product continues to function as promised in a dynamic environment, and phone support. These standard warranties are assurance type warranties which do not offer any services beyond the assurance that the product will continue working as specified. Therefore, warranties are not considered separate performance obligations. Instead, the Company accrues the expected cost of warranty. Extended warranties are sold separately with a post contract support (PCS) agreement. PCS revenue is recognized over time during the support period. Revenue from installation services is recognized when the services have been completed or transferred as this is when the customer has obtained control.
The Company has contracts with multiple performance obligations. When the sales agreement involves multiple performance obligations, each obligation is separately identified and the transaction price is allocated based on the amount of consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring the promised good or service to the customer. In most cases, the Company allocates the consideration to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price (RSP) of the distinct performance obligation. In circumstances where RSP is not observable, the Company allocates the consideration for the performance obligations by utilizing the residual approach.
For performance obligations that the Company satisfies over time, revenue is recognized by consistently applying a method of measuring progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. The Company utilizes the method that most accurately depicts the progress toward completion of the performance obligation. If the measure of remaining rights exceeds the measure of the remaining performance obligations, the Company records a contract asset. Conversely, if the measure of the remaining performance obligations exceeds the measure of the remaining rights, the Company records a contract liability. Contract assets and liabilities related to product returns will be recorded as contract assets and liabilities and presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Deferred revenue, respectively.
Customer billings for services not yet rendered are deferred and recognized as revenue as the services are rendered. The associated deferred revenue is included in Deferred revenue or Deferred revenue non-current, as appropriate, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS.

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s senior management, including the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and

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operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report (the Evaluation Date). Based on this evaluation, the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded as of the Evaluation Date that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective such that the information relating to the Company, including consolidated subsidiaries, required to be disclosed in the Company’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reports (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In the ordinary course of operations the Company receives claims where the Company believes an unfavorable outcome is possible and/or for which is probable and no estimate of possible losses can currently be made.  A significant customer was a defendant in two patent infringement claims and is asserting possible indemnity rights under contracts with the Company.  The customer has settled one matter, and won summary judgment for all claims in the other. The customer has informed the Company that the customer intends to seek to recover from the Company a share of the settlement and defense costs.  For the settled case, the customer provided an initial unsubstantiated claim with an allocation of their settlement and defense costs. The Company recently obtained additional information to evaluate the facts. Based upon the analysis of the documentation, the Company estimates a probable loss in a range of $88,000 to $315,000. For the summary judgment case, the customer provided an initial allocation of their defense costs. The Company recently obtained additional information to evaluate the facts. Based upon the analysis of the documentation, the Company estimates a probable loss in a range of $50,000 to $160,000. As there is not a best estimate within either range, the Company recorded an expense at the lower limits. Both of these claims relate to a business which was previously sold and therefore presented as discontinued operations.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
See “Risk Factors” in Part 1 – Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018, for information about risk factors. There have been no material changes in the Company's risk factors from those disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information about the Company’s repurchase activity for its Class A Common Stock during the three months ended December 31, 2018.
Period
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (a)
 
Average Price
Paid per Share
 
Total Number of Shares  Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs (b)
 
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs (b)
October 2018
 
55,033

 
$
2.6332

 
55,033

 
$
1,156,038

November 2018
 
32,697

 
2.2983

 
32,697

 
1,080,890

December 2018
 
104,066

 
2.0435

 
104,006

 
868,355

Total
 
191,796

 
$
2.2561

 
191,736

 
$
868,355

 
(a)
In the three months ended December 31, 2018, the Company repurchased 60 shares from employees that were surrendered to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding obligations on the vesting of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units. These repurchases were not included in the authorized share repurchase program and had a weighted-average purchase price of $2.01 per share.
(b)
In May 2017, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program whereby the Company may repurchase up to an aggregate of $2.0 million of its outstanding Class A Common Stock in addition to the $0.1 million remaining from

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the August 2011 authorization. The August 2011 authorization was exhausted during the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 and there was approximately $0.9 million remaining under the May 2017 authorization as of December 31, 2018.
Items 3, 4 and 5 are not applicable and have been omitted.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 
 
Exhibit Number
 
Description
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 31.1
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 31.2
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 32.1
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 101
 
The following financial information from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2018, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss); (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
 
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
DATE:
February 8, 2019
 
By:
/s/ Alfred S. John
 
 
 
 
Alfred S. John
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Thomas P. Minichiello
 
 
 
 
Thomas P. Minichiello
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer


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